CAPITVLO TREINTA Y VNO

En que se haze demonstracion mas vniverſal del Angulo recto, que ſe cauſa en al plano ſuperior; ſu juriſdiccion, y naturaleza, diferencias, y propriedades, en orden à ſu alcance.

CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE

In which a more universal demonstration is made of the right angle caused in the upper plane; its jurisdiction, nature, differences, and properties, in order to its reach.

En orden à facilitar la inteligencia de eſta explicacion, nos parece conveniente poner primero la definicion del Angulo recto, que dize aſsi.

In order to facilitate the understanding of this explanation, we find it convenient to first present the definition of the right angle, which is as follows:

Eſtarà el Dieſtro afirmado en Angulo recto en qualquiera parte de ſu juriſdiccion, reſpecto de sì, y para con ſu contrario, todas las vezes que con la linea recta, que ſe imagina paſſar deſde la linea de direccion por el centro del brazo, y por el centro de la guarnicion de la Eſpada, haſta la punta de ella, ò con la linea que ſe imagina paſſar por el centro de la guarnicion (apartada en eſtos tres caſos lo mas que pudiere de ſu cuerpo) ocuparà la comun ſeccion del plano vertical primario con el plano ſuperior paralelo al Orizonte.

The Fencer will be affirmed at a right angle in any part of their jurisdiction, with respect to themselves, and to their opponent, whenever with the straight line, which is imagined to pass from the direction line through the center of the arm, and through the center of the sword’s guard, to its tip, or with the line that is imagined to pass through the center of the guard (kept in these three cases as far away from their body as possible), will occupy the common section of the primary vertical plane with the upper plane parallel to the Horizon.

Para el miſmo efecto ponemos tambien la definicion del alcance, y donde tiene principio, que es omo ſe ſigue.

For the same purpose, we also present the definition of reach, and where it begins, as follows.

Tener alcance en Deſtreza alguno de los dos combatientes, es quando entre el centro del brazo con que ſe huviere de ofender con qualquiera Arma, y el cuerpo de ſu contrario , huviere tal diſtancia, que en ella tenga punto de tocamento en èl.

Having reach in Fencing between any of the two combatants occurs when there is such a distance between the center of the arm with which one intends to offend with any weapon, and the body of their opponent, that there is a point of contact on them.

Porque el plano vertical primario ſe puede cauſar en todos los planos verticales particulares del cuerpo, y el Angulo recto, ſegun nueſtras eſpeeculaciones, ſolo tiene de jurisdiccion deſde el plano vertical derecho del Dieſtro, haſta ſu plano vertical del pecho, en la qual puede formar ſus Angulos rectos, de mayor, y menor alcance, como manifeſtarèmos por medio de la figura que ſe ſeguirà deſpues de la explicacion.

Because the primary vertical plane can be caused in all the particular vertical planes of the body, and the right angle, according to our speculations, only has jurisdiction from the Fencers’s right vertical plane to their chest vertical plane, in which it can form its right angles of greater and lesser reach, as we will demonstrate through the figure that will follow after the explanation.

Sea el circulo A.C.B.D. que repreſente el plano ſuperior dividido en ocho partes iguales, con los ocho ſemidiametros. I.A. que repreſenta el plano vertical derecho. I.E. que repreſente el plano colateral del miſmo lado derecho. I.C. que repreſente el plano vertical que paſſa por la diametral del pecho. I.G. que repreſente el plano colateral izquierdo. I.B. que repreſente el plano vertical del miſmo lado izquierdo. I.F. que repreſente el plano colateral izquierdo de las eſpaldas. I.D. que repreſente el plano vertical de las eſpaldas. I.H. que repreſente el plano vertical derecho tambien de las eſpaldas.

Let the circle A.C.B.D. represent the upper plane divided into eight equal parts, with the eight semidiameters. I.A. representing the right vertical plane. I.E. representing the collateral plane on the same right side. I.C. representing the vertical plane that passes through the chest’s diameter. I.G. representing the left collateral plane. I.B. representing the left vertical plane. I.F. representing the left collateral plane of the backs. I.D. representing the vertical plane of the backs. I.H. representing also the right vertical plane of the backs.

Que todos eſtos planos ſon comunes ſeccions de los quatro planos verticales, que repreſentan los quatro diametros AB. CD. EF. y GH. que ſe cortan en la linea de direccion, que repreſenta el punto I. en el centro de la figura; y para mas claridad, ſeñalamos los ocho planos, que cauſan, con ſus numeros deſde vno haſta ocho, como ſe vè en ella.

These planes are common sections of the four vertical planes, represented by the four diameters AB, CD, EF, and GH, which intersect at the direction line, represented by the point I in the center of the figure; and for clarity, we mark the eight planes that they cause, with their numbers from one to eight, as seen in it.

La jurisdiccion del Angulo recto ſe ha de entender deſde el plano primero el tercero, que reprefentan con las lineas IA. IC. las quales forman el Angulo recto A.I.C.

The jurisdiction of the right angle must be understood from the first to the third plane, which are represented by the lines IA and IC, which form the right angle A.I.C.

Porque en eſta juriſdiccion del Angulo recto reſpecto de la organizacion, y compoſicion del cuerpo, ſe pueden cauſar muchos Angulos rectos que tienen diferencia entre sì, conviene examinarla, para que el Dieſtro tenga ciencia de la naturaleza de cada vno, y donde tendrà mayor, y menor alcance; y para hazer demonſtracion de ello, dezimos.

Because in this jurisdiction of the right angle, in respect to the organization and composition of the body, many right angles can be caused that have differences among themselves, it is necessary to examine it, so that the Fencer knows the nature of each one, and where they will have greater and lesser reach; and to demonstrate this, we say:

Sea dada la miſma figura, con los miſmos planos que quedan explicados, deſuerte que el ſemidiametro I.A. ſea la longitud que ay deſde la linea de direcion, que repreſenta punto I. haſta el centro de la guarncion, que ſon dos pies geometricos y tres quartos de otro, tomeſe la I.K. de medio pie, y centro I. intervalo I.K. deſcribae el circulo K.N.O.P. que ſerà la comun ſeccion del cilindro, en que ſe imaginarà eſtar el Dieſtro comperehendido, y del plano ſuperior.

Let the same figure be given, with the same planes that have been explained, in such a way that the semidiameter I.A. is the length from the direction line, represented by point I, to the center of the guard, which is two geometric feet and three-quarters of another. Take I.K. as half a foot, and from the center I, at the interval I.K., describe the circle K.N.O.P., which will be the common section of the cylinder, in which the Fencer is imagined to be contained, and of the upper plane.

El punto K. ſerà centro del brazo, y el punto A. centro de la guarnicion.

The point K will be the center of the arm, and the point A the center of the guard.

Es neceſſario examinar, què cantidad de alcance avrà perdido el Dieſtro reſpecto de ſu contrario, quando con el centro de ſu guarnicion ocupare ſu plano colateral derecho I.E. en punto S?

It is necessary to examine, how much reach the Fencer will have lost in respect to their opponent when the center of their guard occupies their right collateral plane I.E. at point S?

Quando ocupare con el miſmo centro de la guarnicion ſu plano vertical del pecho I.C. en punto L. que es la jurisdiccion del Angulo recto, en la qual puede el Dieſtro conſervar ſu brazo rectro paralelo al Orizonte, ſin doblarle; y conſecutivamente, ſe podrà examinar, ſi ſe quiere, lo que ſe irà perdiendo de mas alcance deſde el plano vertical del pecho I.C. (en que ſe termina la juriſdiccion del Angulo recto) en ſu plano colateral izquierdo I.G. que ſolo vendrà à tener alcance en punto Q. y en la linea N.R. paralela à ſu plano vertical izquierdo I.B. que es haſta donde podrà llegar ſu brazo, y guarncion en punto R. aunque eſto, ſegun fuere la diſpoſicion de los cuerpos de los combatientes, podrà tener alguna irregularidad; pero ſiempre que ſe examinar, tendrà bien poca diferencia.

When the same center of the guard occupies its chest vertical plane I.C. at point L., which is the jurisdiction of the right angle where the Fencer can keep their arm straight parallel to the Horizon, without bending it; consequently, it can be examined, if desired, how much more reach will be lost from the chest vertical plane I.C. (where the jurisdiction of the right angle ends) in its left collateral plane I.G., which will only come to have reach at point Q, and on the line N.R. parallel to its left vertical plane I.B., which is as far as their arm and guard can reach at point R, although this, depending on the disposition of the bodies of the combatants, may have some irregularity; but whenever it is examined, there will be very little difference.

Centro K. intervalo K.A. (longitud del brazo haſta el centro de la guarncion) deſcribaſe la porcion de circuo A.S.M.L. que es el eſpacio que el brazo, ſin mover el cuerpo, puede moverſe obre ſu centro paralelo al Orizonte (como hemos dicho) ſin doblarſe, ni hazer Angulo en L. la qual cortarà à la linea I.E. en punto S. y à la I.C. en punto L. dezimos, que la diferencia que ay entre E. y S. y C. y L. ſon las cantidades que el Dieſtro perderà de ſu alcance en los planos I.E. y I.C. y lo demonſtramos de eſta ſuerte.

Center K, interval K.A. (length of the arm to the center of the guard), describe the arc A.S.M.L., which is the space in which the arm, without moving the body, can move over its center parallel to the Horizon (as we have said), without bending, nor making an angle at L. This arc will cut the line I.E. at point S, and I.C. at point L. We say that the difference between E and S, and C and L, are the amounts of reach the Fencer will lose in the planes I.E. and I.C., and we demonstrate this in the following way.

Saqueſe la linea K.S. porque deſde el punto S. que eſtà ſuera del circulo K.N.O.P. (que repreſenta el cilindro del Dieſtro) e han tirado dos lineas à la circunferencia exterior S.K.S.N. por la propoſicion octava del tercero de los elementos de Euclides, ſerà S.N. que producida, paſſa por el centro I. menor que S.K. en la cantidad de S.E. lo qual probarèmos por los ſenos, por pitipie, y por demonſtracion geometrica.

Draw the line K.S. because from the point S, which is outside the circle K.N.O.P. (representing the Fencer’s cylinder), two lines have been drawn to the outer circumference S.K.S.N. According to the eighth proposition of the third book of Euclid, S.N., which produced, passes through the center I, will be shorter than S.K. by the amount of S.E., which we will prove by sines, by proportion, and by geometric demonstration.

Por los ſenos, por ſer conocidas tres coſas en el triangulo K.I.S. que ſon el lado S.K. de 36. dedos, el lado K.I. de ocho dedos, y el Angulo K.I.S. de 45. grados, por la naturaleza de los planos que diſtan entre sì la octava parte de todas la circunferencia del circulo A.C.B.D. ſe hallarà por eſte camino, que la diferencia deſtas dos lineas S.K. y S.N. ſerà de tres dedos, y cerca de vn quinto.

By sines, since three things in the triangle K.I.S. are known, which are the side S.K. of 36 digits, the side K.I. of eight digits, and the angle K.I.S. of 45 degrees, by the nature of the planes that are spaced apart by one-eighth of the entire circumference of the circle A.C.B.D., it will be found by this method that the difference between these two lines S.K. and S.N. will be three digits, and almost a fifth.

El otro camino, para averiguar la diferencia de los dos alcances de las miſmas dos lineas, ſe hazen en eſta forma.

The other method, to determine the difference in reach between these two lines, is done in this manner.

Porque por la conſtruccion centro K. intervalo K.A. ſe ha deſcripto la circunferencia A.S.M.L. por la definicion 13. del primero de los elementos de Euclides, la linea K.A. ſerà igual à la K.S. pero la I.A. por la miſma definicion trece del primero, es igual à la I.E. y por la miſma definicion del circulo, la linea I.K. es igual à la I.N. luego tambien la reſtante K.A. y N.E. ſeràn iguales entre sì, por el axioma ſegundo del primero de Euclides, de que ſe ſigue tambien, que la K.S. ſerà igual à la N.E. por el axiomaprimero de dichos elementos, que dize, que las cantidades que ſon iguales à otra entre sì ſeràn iguales: como por exemplo, la linea K.S. es igual à la K.A. y la N.E. es igual à la miſma K.A. luego tambien la N.E. ſerà igual à la K.S. y ſi de N.E. mayor ſe reſtare la N.S. menor, quedarà la E.S. definida, cuya cantidad es la que pierde el Dieſtro de alcance, poniendo el centro de ſu guarnicion en ſu plano colateral derecho I.E. en punto S.

For the construction with center K and interval K.A., the circumference A.S.M.L. has been described according to definition 13 of the first book of Euclid, meaning the line K.A. will be equal to K.S. However, I.A., by the same definition 13 of the first book, is equal to I.E., and by the same definition of the circle, the line I.K. is equal to I.N. Therefore, the remainder K.A. and N.E. will also be equal to each other, according to axiom 2 of the first book of Euclid. It follows then that K.S. will be equal to N.E. by axiom 1 of the said elements, stating that quantities that are equal to a third quantity are equal to each other: for example, the line K.S. is equal to K.A., and N.E. is equal to the same K.A., thus N.E. will also be equal to K.S. And if from N.E., the greater, is subtracted N.S., the lesser, the remainder will be E.S., which is the amount of reach the Fencer loses by placing the center of his guard in his right collateral plane I.E. at point S.

Por el pitipie, ſe hallarà eſta diferencia de alcance, dividiendo la S.K. en 36. dedos; y tomando en ella la S.N. ſe hallarà ſer ſolo de 33. menos vn quinto, poco menos.

Using the Pythagorean theorem, this difference in reach can be found by dividing S.K. into 36 digits; and taking it to S.N., it will be found to be only 33 less a fifth, slightly less.

Aſsi imainando al contrario afirmado deſuerte, que ocupe con el centro de ſu pie derecho el punto E. de modo que correponda al centro de ſu brazo derecho que ocupe ſu plano vertical del miſmo lado, podrà alcançar, con la miſma cantidad de 36. dedos, al Dieſtro en punto N. ſin ſer alcançado, porque el alcance del Dieſtro, aunque es de la miſma cantidad, no paſſa del punto S. por tener ſu brazo, y centro de ſu guarnicion en ſu plano colateral I.E. y ſu contrario en ſu plano verticl derecho de mayor alcance.

Thus, imagining the opponent positioned so that the center of his right foot occupies point E., such that it corresponds to the center of his right arm occupying his own right vertical plane, he can reach the Fencer at point N. with the same length of 36 digits, without being reached himself, because the Fencer’s reach, although of the same length, does not extend beyond point S. due to having his arm and the center of his guard in his right collateral plane I.E., and his opponent in his right vertical plane has a longer reach.

La miſma demonſtracion, por los miſmos tres medios, ſe podrà hazer ſuponiendo, que el Dieſtro pone el centro de ſu guarnicion en ſu plano vertical del pecho I.C. en punto L. y ſe hallarà, que perderà de ſu alcance en eſta poſicion la cantidad L.C. que viene à ſer de medio pie; y que eſtando afirmado ſu contrario, ocupando con el centro del talon de ſu pie derecho el punto C. podrà alcançarle en punto P. ſin ſer alcançado, por lo miſmo de eſtar afirmado en ſu plano vertical derecho de mayor alcance.

The same demonstration, using the same three methods, can be made assuming that the Fencer places the center of their guard in their chest’s vertical plane I.C. at point L. It will be found that they will lose from their reach in this position the amount of L.C., which turns out to be half a foot; and that being firmly positioned, their opponent, occupying with the heel center of their right foot the point C., will be able to reach them at point P. without being reached, for the same reason of being affirmed in their right vertical plane of greater reach.

La miſma demonſtracion ſe podrà hazer, como ſe ha dicho, quando el Dieſtro puſiere el centro de ſu guarnicion en ſu plano colateral izquierdo I.G. en punto Q. y tambien quando le puſiere en la linea paralela à ſu plano vertical izquierdo I.B. en punto R.

The same demonstration can be made, as said, when the Fencer places the center of their guard in their left collateral plane I.G. at point Q., and also when they place it in the line parallel to their left vertical plane I.B. at point R.

Tambien eſtas miſmas demonſtraciones ſe podian hazer en qualquiera de todos los planos verticales intermedios de los planos referidos, donde quiera que el Dieſtro puſiere el centro de ſu guarnicion, y ſe tendrà conocimiento del alcance en cada vno, y la cantidad que perderà dèl, reſpecto de ſu contrario, ſuponiendole afirmado en ſu plano vertical derecho, como ſe ha dicho.

These same demonstrations could be made in any of all the intermediate vertical planes between the referred planes, wherever the Fencer places the center of their guard, and knowledge of the reach in each one, and the amount they will lose from it, with respect to their opponent, assuming them affirmed in their right vertical plane, as said.

Corolario

Corollary

De que reſulta, que los Angulos recto que el Dieſtro puede cauſar en las comunes ſecciones de los planos verticales con el plano ſuperior, deſde ſu plano vertical derecho I.A. haſta ſu plano vertical del pecho I.C. que es la juriſdiccion de los Angulos rectos, y quandrante de circulo, irà perdiendo en cada vno de ſu alcance; pero e haze advertencia, que la naturaleza de eſtos Angulos rectos es, que aſsi como eſtos Angulos ſe fueren cauſando, ſe irà adquiriendo mas fuerza, por irſe vniendo la parte al todo, haſta canſarle en el plano vertical I.C. donde ſe tendrà mayor ſuerza, que en otro alguno.

It follows that the right angles that the Fencer can create in the common sections of the vertical planes with the upper plane, from their right vertical plane I.A. to their chest vertical plane I.C., which is the jurisdiction of the right angles and a quadrant of the circle, will lose reach in each one; however, it is noted that the nature of these right angles is such that as these angles are formed, more strength will be acquired, by joining the part to the whole, until reaching the vertical plane I.C., where it will have greater strength than in any other.

De eſta miſma razon reſulta, que los Angulos rectos que ſe fueren cauſando deſde el plano vertical del pecho I.C. haſta el plano vertical derecho I.A. irà aumentando el Dieſtro ſu alcance en cada vno, y en el miſmo plano vertical derecho le tendrà mayor que en todos los demàs; y por la miſma razon de irſe deſviando la parte de todo, en cada vno de eſtos Angulo rectos irà perdiendo mas de ſu fuerza, haſta ſu plano vertical derecho, donde tendrà mayor flaqueza.

From this same reasoning, it follows that the right angles that are formed from the chest vertical plane I.C. to the right vertical plane I.A. will see the Fencer increasing their reach in each one, and in the same right vertical plane, they will have greater reach than in all the others; and for the same reason of the part deviating from the whole, in each of these right angles, they will lose more of their strength, until their right vertical plane, where they will have the greatest weakness.

De lo qual tambien ſe ſigue, que ſupueſto que lar perfeccion del vſo de la Deſtreza conſiſte en tener deſigualdad con el contrario; es muy neceſſario el conocimiento de eſtos Angulos rectos, porque de los de mayor alcance avrà de vſar el Dieſtro por el perſil del cuerpo, y de los de mayor fuerza por la poſtura de la Eſpada, para contraſtar con ella la flaqueza que tendrà la de ſu contrario; y por el perſil del cuerpo aplicarà los de ſu mayor alcance, que aunque el contrario tendrà en eſta poſicion los de ſu mayor fuerza, y menor alcance, no permitiendo el Dieſtro que con ella pueda contraſtar la flaqueza de ſu Eſpada, podrà conſeguir ofender ſin ſer ofendido, y de no guardar eſtos preceptos, ſe le ſeguirà verſe en aprieto.

From this, it also follows that, given that the perfection of the use of Fencing consists in having inequality with the opponent; the knowledge of these right angles is very necessary because the Fencer will use those of greater reach for the profile of the body, and those of greater strength for the posture of the Sword, to counteract with it the weakness that their opponent’s sword will have; and by the profile of the body, they will apply those of their greatest reach, which although the opponent will have in this position those of their greatest strength and lesser reach, not allowing the Fencer with it to counteract the weakness of their Sword, they can succeed in offending without being offended, and not observing these precepts, they will find themselves in difficulty.

En las naturalezas diferentes de eſtos Angulos rectos, es evidente la que ay en cada vno de ellos, porque el termino Diferencia, ſegun nueſtr definicion, es no ſer vna coſa otra, y de mas, y menos, que es lo que ſe verifica en eſtos Angulos, porque vnos tienen mas fuerza, y menor alcance, y otros mayor alcance, y menos fuerça.

In the different natures of these right angles, the difference in each of them is evident because the term Difference, according to our definition, is about something not being another thing, and about more and less, which is what happens with these angles since some have more strength and less reach, and others more reach and less strength.

De que reſulta el conocimiento de ſus propriedades, porque ſegun la definicion, el termino propriedad, ò propriedades, ſon las que eſtan inherentes por naturaleza en el ſugeto, y permanecen en èl, y otras por accidentes, que provienen del vſo de ſu potencia; lo qual ſe verifica en eſtos Angulos rectos, porque vnos van adquiriendo grados de fuerza, y diſminuyen ſu alcance, y otros van perdiendo grados de fuerza, y ſe aumentan en el alcance.

From this follows the understanding of their properties because, according to the definition, the term property or properties refers to those that are inherently natural to the subject and remain in it, and others by accidents that stem from the use of their potential; this is verified in these right angles, because some acquire degrees of strength and decrease their reach, and others lose degrees of strength and increase in reach.

Del conocimiento de eſtas propriedades, y de la contrariedad que tienen entre sì, podrà el Dieſtro regualar ſus operaciones, y reconocer en lo que èl faltare en el vſo de las ſuyes, para gozer de ſus deſcuidos, ò inſuficiencia.

From the knowledge of these properties and the opposition they have among each other, the Fencer can regulate their operations and recognize where they fail in the use of theirs, to take advantage of their opponents’ carelessness or insufficiency.

Para que en ellos ſe tenga mas claridad, es neceſſario que el Dieſtro forme concepto de los tres planos principales, en que e puede afirmar en la juriſdiccion del Angulo recto, que ſon en ſu plano vertical derecho, donde tiene mas alcance, y mayor flaqueza, y en ſu plano vertcial del pecho, donde tiene ſu mayor fureza, y menor alcance, y en ſu plano colateral derecho, que por eſtar enmedio de eſtos dos planos extremos, participarà del alcance del vno, y de la fuerza del otro; de que ſe ſigue, que eſta poſtura, es la mas natural de todas para afirmarſe en ella, y que la poſtura en al plano vertical derecho, por ſu mucha flaqueza, es menos ſegura para eſpera en ella al contrario que obre, por eſtar totalmente el brazo deſunido de ſu todo, en la qual ſe le darà mas diſpoſicion de obrar, que en otra alguna.

For more clarity in these matters, it’s necessary for the Fencer to form a concept of the three main planes in which they can position themselves within the jurisdiction of the right angle, which are in their right vertical plane, where they have more reach and greater weakness; in their chest vertical plane, where they have their greatest strength and least reach; and in their right collateral plane, which, being between these two extreme planes, will partake of the reach of one and the strength of the other; hence, this posture is the most natural of all to affirm oneself in it, and the posture in the right vertical plane, due to its great weakness, is less secure for waiting for the opponent to act, as the arm is entirely disjointed from its whole, which will give them more disposition to act than in any other.

En eſtas miſmas eſpeculaciones ſe funda nueſtra poſtura de quadrado, de la qual no ſe ha de vſar deſde el medio de proporcion, ſi no deſde el proporcional, ocupando con ſu pie derecho el plano colateral derecho, y con el izquierdo el colateral izquierdo, cauſando de la Eſpada, ſe ha de ocupar la comun ſeccion del plano vertical primario con el plano ſuperior, que paſſar por el vertical del pecho; y con que el brazo con la Eſpada, y el cuerpo, eſtan en ſu mayor fueraz, y con natural diſpoſicion para hazer el cuerpo ſus movimientos de lugar à lugar, eſpecialmente para todo lo que ſe obra por la poſtura de la Eſpada.

These same speculations underpin our stance of the square, from which one should not use from the medium of proportion but from the proportional, occupying with the right foot the right collateral plane, and with the left the left collateral plane, causing with the Sword, one should occupy the common section of the primary vertical plane with the upper plane, which passes through the vertical of the chest; and with the arm with the Sword, and the body, are in their greatest strength, and with a natural disposition to make the body’s movements from place to place, especially for everything that is worked through the posture of the Sword.

Con la miſma poſicion de los pies en ſus dos planos colaterales, comprehende con elllos la profundidad, del cuerpo de ſu contrario, aora eſtè afirmado en ſu plano colateral derecho, ò en el vertical del miſmo lado, ò en los planos intermedios de eſtos dos, y en qualquiera de ellos tendrà mas flaqueza ſu brazo, y Eſpada, por eſtar mas deſunida de ſu todo, que la Eſpada del Dieſtro, por que teniendola en la comun ſeccion de los dos planos referidos, y enfrente de ſu plano vertical del pecho, por eſtar mas vnida al todo, quanto puede ſer (aviendo de tenerla en Angulo recto) ſerà mucha la ventaja que la harà; y por tener opueſto v los planos del contrario ſu vertical del pecho, que tambien es por naturaleza mas fuerte, para el vſo de la Deſtreza, por la miſma razon que hemos dado, tambien le harà ventaja.

With the same positioning of the feet in their two collateral planes, the Fencer covers with them the depth of their opponent’s body, whether the opponent is positioned in their right collateral plane, or in the right vertical plane, or in the intermediate planes between these two. In any of these, the opponent’s arm and sword will have more weakness due to being more disjointed from their whole than the Fencer’s sword because, having it in the common section of the two referred planes and in front of their chest vertical plane, being more united to the whole as much as possible (having to hold it at a right angle) will be a significant advantage; and by having opposite the opponent’s vertical chest plane, which is also naturally stronger for the use of Fencing, for the same reason given, it will also give an advantage.

Por eſtar en eſta poſicion de la Eſpada del Dieſtro correſpondiente à ſu plano vertical, que paſſa por la diametral del pecho, que es el medio de los dos planos extremos, vertical derecho, y izquierdo, como lo es tambien de los dos planos extremos colaterales derecho, y izquierdo; podrà, conſervando el centro de ſu guarnicion en la comun ſeccion de los dos planos referidos, acudir deſde eſte medio à qualquiera de los extremos con promptitud.

By having this positioning of the Fencer’s sword corresponding to their vertical plane that passes through the chest diameter, which is the midpoint of the two extreme planes, vertical right, and left, just as it is also of the two extreme collateral planes right and left; they can, maintaining the center of their guard in the common section of the two referred planes, move promptly from this midpoint to any of the extremes.

Aunque en eſta poſtura tendrà el Dieſtro menos alcance con ſu brazo, y Eſpada cantidad de medio pie, como lo hemos demonſtrado, eſte no ſolo ſe puiede ſuplir para que ſe iguale à la poſtura de mayor alcance; pero que ſe tenga mayor que en ella, y con mas inmediatas diſpoſiciones, para entrar deſde el medio proporcional à los proporcionados, y execucion de las heridas, y bolverſe à ſalir à èl, porque eſtando el Dieſtro afirmado en el medio proporcional en eſta poſtura, puede entrar dando compàs con el pie derecho de cantidad de dos à tres pies, ſegun fuere la altura, y organizacion de cada vno, conſervandole deſuerte en el movimiento, que ſiempre cauſe Angulo recto con la linea del pie izquierdo producida; y que con la linea que ſe imaginare producida de la punta del pie derecho, corte la linea del diametro del circulo, que primero huviere ſido comun à los dos combatientes; y como qualquiera podrà experimentar, darà eſte compàs, ſin deſcomponer, de modo, que el centro del brazo derecho, y eſto ſin quitar el pie izquierdo del medio proporcional; porque aunque quando ſe diere eſte compàs con el derecho, ſe levantarà algo el talon del izquierdo, y en la cantidad que fuere ſe aproximarà mas la linea de direccion al talon del pie derecho, ſe hallarà todavia con diſpoſicion inmediata de retirar el cuerpo (deſpues de aver executado las heridas) al medio proporcional, en la miſma poſtura que tuvo primero en èl; y mediante eſte compàs, ſe alcançarà en la cantidad que ſe diere, con mayor preſteza, y ſeguridad que en otra ninguna poſtura, y todas las aciones, y heridas ſeràn con mucha mayor violencia, y pujança que en otra alguna; como ſe explicarà mas en particular en ſu lugar eſta poſtura, por medio de figura, para mayor claridad, y inteligencia.

Although in this posture, the Fencer will have less reach with their arm and sword by a quantity of half a foot, as we have demonstrated, this not only can be compensated for to equal the posture of greater reach; but it can have more than it, and with more immediate dispositions, to enter from the proportional medium to the proportionate, and execution of the strikes, and then to exit back to it. Because being the Fencer affirmed in the proportional medium in this posture, they can enter by giving a compass step with the right foot of a quantity of two to three feet, according to the height and organization of each one, keeping it in such a way in the movement, that it always causes a right angle with the line of the left foot produced; and with the line imagined produced from the tip of the right foot, it cuts the diameter line of the circle, which was first common to both combatants; and as anyone can experiment, this compass step will be given without discomposure, in such a way, that the center of the right arm, and this without moving the left foot from the proportional medium; because although when this step is given with the right, the heel of the left will rise somewhat, and to the extent that it does, it will bring the line of direction closer to the heel of the right foot, it will still be found with immediate disposition to retract the body (after having executed the strikes) to the proportional medium, in the same posture it first had in it; and through this compass, it will reach in the quantity given, with more swiftness, and security than in any other posture, and all actions, and strikes will be with much greater violence, and force than in any other; as will be explained more particularly in its place this posture, by means of a figure, for greater clarity, and understanding.

Eſta poſtura, y el modo de dar el compàs con el pie derecho, ſirve par entrar à herir con muchas mas ſeguridad, y preſteza, aſſi con Armas dobles, como contra las poſturas que vſan en Italia, Francia, y en otras Naciones, que fundan ſu Deſtreza en no dexar comunicar ſu Eſpada, y arrojarſe perfilandoſe, viendo algun punto deſcubierto, fiados en al preſteza que adquieren con largo exercicio; y aſsi conviene que tambien la tenga nueſtro Dieſtro para poder ofender, ſin ſer ofendido; requiſitos que no concurren en el modo que tienen de obrar las Naciones, porque ſiempre que hirieren pueden ſer heridos, y no tienen mas preceptos que la brevedad; y ſido ecuentran con quien tambien la tenga, reſultarà herirſe en vn miſmo tiempo, que es lo que no ſe permite en buena Deſtrea, por que la ofenſa ſiempre ha de ir complicada con la defenſa.

This posture, and the way of giving the compass with the right foot, serves to enter to strike with much more security, and swiftness, both with double weapons and against the postures used in Italy, France, and other Nations, which base their Fencing on not allowing their Sword to communicate, and throwing themselves profiling, seeing some uncovered point, relying on the swiftness they acquire with long exercise; and so it is convenient that our Fencer also has it to be able to offend without being offended; requirements that do not occur in the way that the Nations have of acting, because whenever they strike they can be struck, and they have no more precepts than brevity; and if they encounter someone who also has it, it will result in being struck at the same time, which is what is not allowed in good Fencing, because the offense must always be compounded with defense.

Porque podrà ſer que ſe repare que las demonſtraciones que hemos hecho en eſta figura por tres diferentes medios, en orden à averiguar el alcance del Angulo recto, ſuponiendo que el Dieſtro pone el centro de la guarnicion en ſu plano colateral derecho, para que por ellas ſe pueden regular las demonſtraciones de todos los Angulos rectos, que ſe cauſan en los planos verticales de ſu juriſdiccion.

Because it may be noted that the demonstrations we have made in this figure by three different means, in order to find out the reach of the right angle, assuming that the Fencer places the center of the guard in their right collateral plane, so that by them the demonstrations of all the right angles that occur in the vertical planes of their jurisdiction can be regulated.

Dezimos, que ha ſido con particular atencion para dar à entender, que teniendo el Dieſtro el brazo, y guarnicion en el plano ſuperior paralelo al Orizonte, podrà in deſcomponerſe, con el centro de la muñeca, ſubir, y baxar ſu Eſpada al Angulo obtuſo, y agudo, y ponerla à ſu lado derecho, y ſinieſtro con mucha mas ſeguridad, que ſi el brazo, y guarnicion acompañaran la Eſpada en eſtas acciones, por lo mucho que quedaria deſamparado, y deſcubierto el cuerpo; ſiendo aſsi, que conſervando el brazo, y guarncion en el plano ſuperior, lugar de los Angulos rectos, con muy cortos movimientos que haga con èl, à qualquiera de las partes referidas, podrà continuar en defender ſu cuerpo, poniendo vnas vezes la Eſpada de ſu contrario en la ſuperficie de ſu Pyramide con la ſuya del brazo, y guarnicion, y à otras con ſu Eſpada; deſuerte, que ſiempre la contenga, por vna y otra parte, en los lados del Angulo de ſu baluarte, con que repreſentamos los dos planos verticales, como terminos en que conſiſte la total defenſa, para que la Eſpada del contrario nunca tenga direccion à ſu cuerpo, ni cilindro, en que le imaginamos, como ſe demueſtra en la idea de nueſtro Fuerte à que nos remitimos.

We say that it has been with particular attention to make it understood that having the arm and guard in the superior plane parallel to the horizon, the Fencer can, without discomposing, with the center of the wrist, raise and lower their Sword to the obtuse and acute angle, and place it to their right and left side with much more security than if the arm and guard accompanied the Sword in these actions, because of how much the body would be left unprotected and exposed; it being so, that by keeping the arm and guard in the superior plane, the place of the right angles, with very short movements made with it to any of the referred parts, they will be able to continue defending their body, sometimes putting their opponent’s Sword on the surface of their Pyramid with their own of the arm and guard, and at other times with their Sword; in such a way, that it always contains it, on one side or the other, in the sides of the angle of their bulwark, with which we represent the two vertical planes, as terms in which the total defense consists, so that the opponent’s Sword never has direction to their body, nor cylinder, in which we imagine them, as demonstrated in the idea of our Stronghold to which we refer.

Porque conviene que aviendo de vſar de eſtos Angulos rectos, ſea ſiempre por el plano vertical primario, que ſegun ſu definicion paſſa por la diſtancia mas breve que huviere entre qualquiera de las poſiciones en que ſe hallaren los dos combatientes, por imaginarſe paſſar por los dos planos particualres que tuvieren opueſtos, dezimos; que para determinar la effencia del Angulo recto reſpecto del Dieſtro, y de ſu contrario, en toda ſu vniverſalidad, que le cauſarà en la interſeccion de ſu linea de direccion con la linea que imaginamos ſalir de ella por el centro del brazo haſta la punta de la Eſpada, ocupando con ella, ò con el centro de la guarncion, ò con la Eſpada juntamente, la comun ſeccion de eſte plano vertical primario con el plano ſuperior, por ſer eſte plano, como he ha explicado, lugar proprio de los Angulos rectos, y obſervando el Dieſtro eſtos preceptos, conſeguirà eſtar afirmado en qualquiera de ellos con perfeccion.

Because it is convenient that when using these right angles, it is always through the primary vertical plane, which according to its definition passes through the shortest distance there is between any of the positions in which the two combatants find themselves, by imagining passing through the two particular planes they have opposite, we say; to determine the essence of the right angle with respect to the Fencer and their opponent, in all its universality, that will be caused in the intersection of their line of direction with the line we imagine coming out of it from the center of the arm to the tip of the Sword, occupying with it, or with the center of the guard, or with the Sword together, the common section of this primary vertical plane with the superior plane, for being this plane, as has been explained, the proper place of the right angles, and observing these precepts, the Fencer will achieve to be affirmed in any of them with perfection.

Con que hemos dado en todo lo referido conocimiento vniverſal de la naturaleza, diferencias, y propriedades de los Angulos rectos, que ſe puieden cauſar en ſu juriſdiccion; y del vſo de ellos harèmos explicacion en ſus proprios lugares, donde ſe haràn evidentes ſu vtilidades.

With this, we have given in all that has been referred to a universal knowledge of the nature, differences, and properties of the right angles that can be caused in their jurisdiction; and of the use of them, we will make explanations in their proper places, where their utilities will be made evident.

Lamina treinta del Libro ſegundo

Plate thirty of the Second Book.