CAPITVLO VIGESIMO PRIMO

Como se ha de considerar el Plano Vertical primario vniverſalmente en orden à la defenſa, y ofenſa, en todas las operaciones de la Deſtreza, por ſer el norte principal por donde ſe han de regir, y gonvernar.

CHAPTER TWENTY ONE

On the Consideration of the Primary Vertical Plane Universally in Relation to Defense and Offense in All Operations of Fencing, as the Principal Guide by Which to Govern and Regulate.

En la Aſtronomia, para regular los movimientos de los Aſtros, han imaginado los Mathematicos diferentes circulos, y entre otros vno principal, à quien llaman Primario, cuya naturaleza es por el Zenith, Polo del Orizonte, y por el Oriente verdadero, y ſiempre que no ſe altera eſte punto, ò Zenith, no muda de lugar eſte circulo; mas al paſſo que ſe và apartando de la equinocial, ò acercandoſe à ella, tambien và mudando eſte circulo de lugar en la ſuperficie del Cielo: deſuerte, que ſi fuera poſsible, que el Zenith llegara à los Polos del Mundo, no huviera punto en todo el globo por donde no huviera paſſado eſte circulo vertical primario.

In Astronomy, to regulate the movements of the Stars, Mathematicians have imagined various circles, among them a principal one, called the Primary, whose nature is through the Zenith, the Pole of the Horizon, and by the true East, and as long as this point or Zenith does not change, this circle does not move; but as it moves away from the equinox, or approaches it, this circle also changes its place in the heavens: so much so, that if it were possible, that the Zenith reached the Poles of the World, there would be no point in the entire globe through which this primary vertical circle had not passed.

En la Deſtreza de las Armas imaginamos vn circulo, que por ſer vertical, tiene mucha ſemejança con eſte primario, porque lo conſideramos paſſar por la Zenith de los dos combatientes; y ſi con mas rigor por los dos axis de los dos cilindros, en que conſideramos los dos combatientes perpendiculares al Orizonte, y ſi nunguno de ellos ſe moviere, eſte circulo eſtarà fixo; pero moviendoſe circularmente ſobre ſu centro proprio, ò por la circunferencia del circulo inferior de ſu contrario, no avrà punto en toda la ſuperficie de los combatientes, por donde no aya paſſado eſte circulo, ò plano vertical primario, ſegun el movimiento que huviere hecho, reſpecto de sì, ò de ſu contrario: eſto es, que ſi el Dieſtro ſe moviere ſobre ſu centro proprio, eſte plano vertical primario paſſarà por todos ſus planos, y ſuperficie del cuerpo; y ſi hiziere movimiento de lugar à lugar, por la circunferencia del circulo de ſu contrario, entonces harà que paſſe eſte plano vertical primario por todos los planos particulares del miſmo contrario; y por eſta razon, y ſemejanza, le damos, con propriedad, el nombre de vertical primario.

In the Art of Arms, we imagine a circle, which being vertical, bears much resemblance to this primary, because we consider it to pass through the Zenith of the two combatants; and more precisely through the two axes of the two cylinders, in which we consider the two combatants perpendicular to the Horizon, and if neither of them moves, this circle remains fixed; but moving circularly over its own center, or by the circumference of the circle of its opponent, there will be no point on the entire surface of the combatants through which this circle or primary vertical plane has not passed, according to the movement it has made, relative to itself or its opponent: that is, if the Fencer moves over his own center, this primary vertical plane will pass through all his planes and body surface; and if he makes a movement from place to place, by the circumference of the circle of his opponent, then he will make this primary vertical plane pass through all the particular planes of the same opponent; and for this reason, and resemblance, we rightly name it the primary vertical.

Aſsi para conſidera la vniverſalidad de eſte plano vertical primario, es neceſſario imaginar, que los dos combatientes eſtan contenidos cada vno en vn cilindro, que ſe conſtituye en la forma que ſe ha dicho en el Capitulo XIV. en que ſe explican los ocho planos particulares, que ſe imaginan en el hombre para el vſo de la Deſtreza.

Thus, to consider the universality of this primary vertical plane, it is necessary to imagine that the two combatants are each contained in a cylinder, which is constituted in the form mentioned in Chapter XIV, where the eight particular planes that are imagined in man for the use of Fencing are explained.

Eſte plano vertical primario, ò comun, ſegun lo hemos definido yà, es el que ſe conſidera paſſar por los dos axis de los dos cilindros en que ſe conſideran afirmados los dos combatientes, perpendiculares al Orizonte, deſde qualquiera diſtancia en que ſe hallaren, y como quiera que ſe miraren, y fueren ſus aſpectos.

This primary vertical plane, or common, as we have already defined it, is the one that is considered to pass through the two axes of the two cylinders in which the two combatants are considered to be affirmed, perpendicular to the Horizon, from whatever distance they are found, and whatever their aspects may be.

La propriedad ſe halla en eſta plano primario, es ſer la diſtancia mas breve entre los dos contrarios, y es de tanta importancia el atender à eſte plano, para executar, ò defender las tretas, que à no tenerle por norte, ſe pudiera dezir, que la Deſtreza no tenia verdadero fundamento de ſciencia, porque es vn principio vniveral, para regular con conocimiento, y acierto los planos particulares del Dieſtro, y los de ſu contrario; y por eſta cauſa imaginamos en eſte plano los Angulos de los valuartes en la idea de nueſtro Fuerte.

The property found in this primary plane is to be the shortest distance between the two opponents, and it is of such importance to pay attention to this plane, to execute or defend tricks, that not having it as a guide, it could be said that Fencing had no true foundation of science, because it is a universal principle, to regulate with knowledge and accuracy the particular planes of the Fencer, and those of his opponent; and for this reason, we imagine in this plane the Angles of the bastions in the idea of our Fort.

Por medio de los compaſes, ò mociones, ſobre el centro de ſu particular circulo, y la Pyramide del brazo, y guarnicion, en quien eſtà la principal defenſa, ſe hiere por eſte plano vertical primario, ò comun, y ſe conſigue con ſeguirdad, con la deſigualdad que ſe cauſa; y con eſta Pyramide de defenſa, el poner al tiempo de la execucion la Eſpada del contrario en los dos planos verticales de la deſenſa, que ſon los lados del Angulo de eſtos valuartes.

Through the compasses, or motions, over the center of his particular circle, and the Pyramid of the arm and guard, in which the main defense lies, one strikes through this primary vertical plane, or common, and it is achieved with security, with the inequality that is caused; and with this Pyramid of defense, the placing at the time of execution the Sword of the opponent in the two vertical planes of the defense, which are the sides of the Angle of these bastions.

Para la enſeñança del vſo de eſte plano primario, ſuponemos primero dos figuras, que correſponden à las baſas de los cilindrios de los dos combatientes con ſus Diametros, y comunes ſecciones, que cauſan en el plano inferior, y ſon las primeras que ſe ſiguen.

For the teaching of the use of this primary plane, we first suppose two figures, which correspond to the bases of the cylinders of the two combatants with their Diameters, and common sections, which they cause in the lower plane, and are the first that follow.

Advirtiendoſe, que la figura en que ſe ſupone afirmado el Dieſtro, và ſeñalada con las letras mayuſculas, y la de contrario con las miſmas letras, pero pequeñas, para dar diferencia entre ellas.

Note that the figure in which the Fencer is supposed to be affirmed is marked with capital letters, and that of the opponent with the same letters, but small, to differentiate between them.

Explicacion de las dos figuras ſe ſiguen en la Lamina

Explanation of the Two Figures in the Plate

Sean dadas las dos figuras, ò plantas de los dos cilinrdos en qualquiera diſtancia, con que no ſea menor de pie y medio , que es la que hemos hallado tiene de latitud el cuerpo del hombre de ombro à ombro, y los ſeñalamos con las letras M.K.Q.O. como baſa de los cilindrios en que conſideramos los Dieſtros; ſi bien para el vſo de la Deſtreza, y mas clara inteligencia, conſideramos, que entre los dos cilindros de punto A. à punto A. ay ocho pies de diſtancia, que es la del medio de proporcion, en donde afirmados los combatientes, mirandoſe roſtro à roſtro de quadrado, como ſe demueſtra aſsi por los cilindros que eſtan en plano, como por las figuras que eſtan en alzado.

Given are two figures, or plans of the two cylinders at any distance, provided it is not less than a foot and a half, which is the width we have found to be of a man’s body from shoulder to shoulder, and we mark them with the letters M.K.Q.O. as the base of the cylinders in which we consider the Fencers; although for the use of Fencing, and for clearer understanding, we consider that between the two cylinders from point A to point A there are eight feet of distance, which is the half of proportion, where the combatants are affirmed, facing each other squarely, as shown both by the cylinders that are in the plan, and by the figures that are in elevation.

Saqueſe del centro A la linea A. à la qual repreſente la comun ſeccion del plano vertical primario, y comun en el plano inferior, cuyo plano primario ſiempre ſe ha de conſiderar entre los dos contrarios con la univerſalidad que adelante ſe dirà, y aora ſegun nueſtra conſtruccion, correſponde à ſus planos verticales del pecho, particulares de cada vno de los dos, ſeñalado el Dieſtro con A.B. y el del contrario con las letras a. y b. pequeñas, en cuya poſicion, por ſer ambos planos de vna naturaleza, y propriedad, eſtaràn en igual potencia.

From the center A draw the line A, which represents the common section of the primary vertical plane, and common in the lower plane, whose primary plane must always be considered between the two opponents with the universality that will be said later, and now according to our construction, corresponds to their vertical chest planes, particular to each one of the two, the Fencer marked with A.B. and that of the opponent with the letters a. and b. small, in whose position, being both planes of one nature, and property, will be in equal potency.

Dado, pues, que el contrario no ſe mueva, y que el Dieſtro dè vna revolucion ſobre el centro A. y linea de direccion de ſu cilindro, en que le conſideramos, irà aplicando ſus planos particulares: en el primario A.a. como por exemplo ſe puede ver aſsi: Si ſe moviere el Dieſtro à ſu mano izquierda, aplicarà ſu plano colateral derecho, que repreſenta la linea A.D. en el plano primario A.a.

Given, then, that the opponent does not move, and that the Fencer gives a revolution around the center A. and direction line of his cylinder, in which we consider him, he will be applying his particular planes: in the primary A.a. as for example can be seen thus: If the Fencer moves to his left hand, he will apply his right collateral plane, represented by the line A.D. in the primary plane A.a.

Continuando la revolucion, aplicarà el plano A.H. ſobre el miſmo plano primario, y ſucceſsivamente los planos que repreſentan las lineas A.G.-A.C.-A.E. y A.I. deſuerte, que acavada la revolucion, avrà aplicado todos ſus planos particulares en eſte plano primario.

Continuing the revolution, he will apply the plane A.H. on the same primary plane, and successively the planes that represent the lines A.G.-A.C.-A.E. and A.I. so that, when the revolution is finished, he will have applied all his particular planes in this primary plane.

Aunque hemos dicho que los tres planos, que correſponden à las eſpaldas ſon de poco vſo, como aqui tratamos de la vniverſalidad de ellos, los comprehendemos à todos; y tambien con atencion de que ay vna treta en la comun Deſtreza, que llaman la Torneada, con la qual ſe haze aplicacion de todos eſtos planos en el vertical primario.

Although we have said that the three planes, which correspond to the backs are of little use, as here we deal with the universality of them, we include them all; and also with the attention that there is a trick in the common Fencing, called the Turnaround, with which the application of all these planes is made in the primary vertical.

Advirtiendo, que en la miſma revolucion que dà el Dieſtro, moviendoſe ſobre el centro, poniendo ſus planos particulares en el primario, que el inmediato al que aplica en eſte primario, ocupa el lugar del plano que dexò; y ſucceſsivamente, por eſta miſma orden, los planos van ocupando los lugares de ſus atecedentes; y aplicandoſe vno en el primario, ſe mudan en el miſmo tiempo todos, como ſe reconoce claro haziendo reflexion en eſta figura.

Note that in the same revolution that the Fencer gives, moving on the center, putting his particular planes in the primary, the immediate one to the one he applies in this primary, occupies the place of the plane he left; and successively, in this same order, the planes are occupying the places of their predecessors; and applying one in the primary, all of them change at the same time, as it is clearly recognized by reflecting on this figure.

Como el exemplo que hemos pueſto, en que los dos combatientes eſten afirmados de quadrado, y que el plano primario paſſe por el Zenith de ſus cabezas, y los planos verticales por ſus diametrales del pecho, y hecho ſu poſicion de que el Dieſtro haze la revolucion al rededor de ſu linea de direccion.

As in the example we have put, in which the two combatants are affirmed squarely, and the primary plane passes through the Zenith of their heads, and the vertical planes through their diametrical chest, and made their position that the Fencer makes the revolution around his direction line.

Hazemos advertencia, que podrà el Dieſtro paſſar ſu linea de direccion al centro de ſu pie derecho, ò al centro del izquierdo, y cauſar el plano primario en qualquiera de ſus planos verticales, y hazer la miſma revolucion, ò porcion, que de ella fuere neceſſario, ſegun los fines que llevare en ſus operaciones.

We note that the Fencer may pass his direction line to the center of his right foot, or to the center of the left, and cause the primary plane in any of his vertical planes, and make the same revolution, or portion of it that is necessary, according to the purposes he carries in his operations.

Lamina quince del Libro ſegundo.

Plate fifteen of the Second Book.